Structured Cabling System

Structured Cabling System

Sitem pengkabelan terstruktur (structured cabling system) merupakan infrastruktur pengkabelan bangunan atau kampus yang terdiri dari sejumlah standarisasi elemen-elemen yang lebih kecil (hence structured) yang disebut subsistem. (Wikipedia, 2012)

Gambar 1. Sistem Pengkabelan Backbone

Sistem pengkabelan terstruktru merupakan sistem lengkap dari pengkabelan dan hardware yang terasosiasi, yang menyedikan infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang komprehensif. (Rosenberg, 2000) Infrastruktur ini melayani banyak lingkup penggunaan, seperti penyediaan layanan telepon atau transmit data melalui jaringan komputer.

Setiap sistem pengkabelan terstruktur unik. Ini tergantung variasi pada:

-       Arsitektur bangunan, yang mana yang akan diinstal kabel.

-       Produk kabel dan connection.

-       Fungsi dari instalasi kabel

-       Tipe peralatan yang dapat didukung oleh instalasi kabel – kini dan mendatang.

-       Konfigurasi dari sistem yang telah diinstal

-       Kebutuhan pelanggan

-       Garansi pabrik

Structured cabling terdiri dari subsistem berikut (Wikipedia, 2012), yaitu:

1.    Demarcation point (titik pemisah) merupakan titik dimana jaringan perusahaan telepon berakhir dan berhubungan dengan on-premises wiring pada lingkungan kerja pelanggan (customer premises).

2.    Ruangan perlengkapan atau ruangan telekomunikasi peralatan rumah dan titik gabungan yang melayani pengguna di dalam bangunan atau kampus.

3.     vertical or riser cabling menghubungkan antara ruangan peralatan/telekomunikasi, seperti yang dinamakan, karena ruangan berada pada lantai yang berbeda.

4.    Horizontal wiring dapat berupa IW (Inside wiring) atau Plenum Cabling dan menghubungkan ruangan telekomunikasi ke outlet-outlet pribadi atau area kerja pada satu lantai, biasanya melalui kabel, conduits, atau celah langit-langit di setiap lantai.

5.    Work-Area Components menghubungkan peralatan end-user ke outlet dari sistem pengkabelan horizontal.

Gambar 2. Komponen Sistem Pengkabelan Horizontal

Keterangan:

1. Customer Premises Equipment
2. HC Equipment Cord
3. Patchcords/cross-connect jumpers used in the HC, including equipment cables/cords, should not exceed 5m (16 ft.).
   Note: ISO/IEC 11801:2002 specifies a max. patchcord/ cross-connect length of 5m (16.4 ft.), which does not include equipment cables/cords.
4. Horizontal cable 90m (295 ft.) max. total
5. TP or CP (optional)
6. Telecommunications outlet/connector (TO)
7. Work Area (WA) Equipment cord
   Note: An allowance is made for WA equipment cords of 5m (16 ft.).

Industri pengkabelan AS menerima ANSI dengan TIA/EIA sebagai organisasi yang bertanggungjawab dalam menyediakan dan menangani standar dan latihan pada profesi ini.

Berikut standar pengkabelan terstruktur (Wikipedia, 2012):

·         TIA-526-7 Measurement of Optical Power Loss of Installed Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant – OFSTP-7 - (February 2002)

·         TIA-526-14-A Optical Power Loss Measurements of Installed Multimode Fiber Cable Plant – OFSTP-14 - (August 1998)

·         ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements: General Requirements, May 2001.

·         Adenda ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1-1-2001, Addendum 1, Minimum Curve Radius for 4 pair UTP and ScTP cable, July, 2001.

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.1-2 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements Addendum 2 – Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Screened Balanced Twisted-Pair Horizontal Cabling - (February 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.1-3 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements Addendum 3 – Supportable Distances and Channel Attenuation for Optical Fiber Applications by Fiber Type - (February 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.1-4 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements Addendum 4 – Recognition of Category 6 and 850 nm Laser Optimized 50/125 μm Multimode Optical Fiber Cabling - (February 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.1-5 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements Addendum 5 – Telecommunications Cabling for Telecommunications Enclosures – (March 2004)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.1-7 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 1: General Requirements Addendum 7 - Guidelines for Maintaining Polarity Using Array Connectors – (January 2006)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components - (December 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 1 – Transmission Performance Specifications for 4-Pair 100 ohm Category 6 Cabling - (June 2002)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-2 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 2 – Revision of Sub-clauses - (December 2001)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-3 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 3 – Additional Considerations for Insertion Loss & Return Loss Pass/Fail Determination - (March 2002)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-4 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 4 – Solderless Connection Reliability Requirements for Copper Connecting Hardware - (June 2002)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-5 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 5 – Corrections to TIA/EIA-568-B.2 – (January 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-6 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 6 – Category 6 Related Component Test Procedures – (December 2003)

·         TIA/EIA-568-B.2-11 Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard Part 2: Balanced Twisted-Pair Cabling Components – Addendum 11 - Specification of 4-Pair UTP and SCTP Cabling – (December 2005)

·         TIA/EIA-568-3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard - (April 2002)

·         TIA/EIA-568-3.1 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard – Addendum 1 – Additional Transmission Performance Specifications for 50/125 μm Optical Fiber Cables – (April 2002)

·         TIA-569-B Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces - (October 2004)

·         TIA-598-C Optical Fiber Cable Color Coding - (January 2005)

·         TIA/EIA-606-A Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure - (May 2002)

·         J-STD-607-A Commercial Building Grounding (Earthing) and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications - (October 2002)

·         TIA-758-A Customer-owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard – (August 2004)

Keuntungan dari standar tersebut ialah:

-       Konsistensi dari desain dan instalasi

-       Cocok pada pemenuhan kebutuhan jalur fisik dan transimisi.

-       Dasar dari pemeriksaan pelebaran suatu sistem dan penggantian lainnya, serta

-       Dokumentasi yang seragam

Gambar 3. Topologi Bintang yang digunakan

Sumber:

Rosenberg, Paul. 2000. The Basics of Structured Cabling. http://ecmweb.com/mag/

Wikipedia. 2012. Structured Cabling. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_cabling

Gambar:

http://www.siemon.com/apps/Utilities/showImageDisplay.asp?showImage=/us/standards/images/13-05_backbone_cabling_system_structure_big.gif

http://www.siemon.com/apps/Utilities/showImageDisplay.asp?showImage=/us/standards/images/13-04_horizontal_cabling_system _structure1_big.gif